Neutral, Until Neutrality Stops Being an Option
Cagalli's Home, Kira's Adopted Country
The Founding Philosophy
Orb's entire national identity is built on a single doctrine, articulated by its Chief Representative Uzumi Nara Athha: do not invade other countries, do not allow other countries to invade, and do not intervene in other nations' disputes. In a war built entirely around forcing everyone to pick Coordinator or Natural, Orb is the one place trying to refuse the question altogether.
Uzumi Nara Athha
SPOILER!
Orb's leader and Cagalli's adoptive father, a man whose entire political career is built on keeping Orb out of a war neither side will let it stay out of forever. His decision to stay behind and destroy Orb's critical facilities rather than let them fall into Earth Alliance hands is the doctrine he spent his life preaching, taken to its final, literal conclusion.
Cagalli's Real Identity
SPOILER!
Spoiler: family reveal
Cagalli isn't just Orb's princess, she's Kira Yamato's biological twin sister, separated from him in infancy and raised by Uzumi specifically to keep both children safe from Blue Cosmos. Neither sibling knows this for most of the war. Uzumi tells Cagalli the truth in the same conversation where he tells her he's staying behind to die, which is exactly the kind of gut-punch timing this show specializes in.
When Neutrality Fails
Orb's doctrine works right up until the Earth Alliance decides it doesn't care whether Orb wants a side or not. See the Battle of Orb entry on the Combat Ledger, this page explains why that battle happens and what it costs the country's entire political identity, not just its territory.